inp.polri.go.id – Russian President Vladimir Putin signed an update on naval doctrine on Sunday (31/7). According to the document, the United States' attempts to dominate the oceans and the expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) are the biggest threats that Russia is facing now. The 55-page document says the "major challenges and threats" to Russia’s security and development are Washington's strategic goal in dominating the world's oceans and NATO's military infrastructure that keeps moving towards Russia's borders. "Russia's independent internal and external policies are facing countermeasures from the United States and its allies, which aimed at maintaining their dominance in the world, including the oceans," reads the doctrinal document signed on Russian Navy Day. The doctrine says Moscow will seek to strengthen its leading position in exploring the Arctic and its mineral resources and maintain their strategic stability in the region by strengthening the potential of its northern and Pacific fleets. Then, the doctrine also states Russia's desire to develop a safe and competitive sea route starting from Europe to Asia. The route, known as the Northeast route, runs through the country's Arctic coastline and ensures it will keep functional for a year. "Russia today cannot exist without a strong fleet... and will defend its interests in the world's oceans resolutely and with resolution," the doctrine added.